"VAL"^^ . . "An extensible Virtualized Authentication Layer that provides Single-Sign-On (SSO) functionality across a variety of Identifier and Authentication Protocol combinations. Identifier support includes: NetIDs, WebIDs, and Webfinger IDs. Authentication protocol support includes: TLS, WebID-TLS, NetID-TLS, OAuth, OpenID, and Persona."^^ . . . "VAL" . . . . "Virtuoso Authentication Layer"^^ . . . . . . . . "VAL Module"^^ . .